LATEST CWAP-404 EXAM SIMULATOR - CWAP-404 VALID EXAM COST

Latest CWAP-404 Exam Simulator - CWAP-404 Valid Exam Cost

Latest CWAP-404 Exam Simulator - CWAP-404 Valid Exam Cost

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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

SectionObjectives

Protocol Analysis - 15%

Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods- Select capture devices
  • Laptop protocol analyzers
  • APs, controllers, and other management solutions
  • Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices)

- Install monitor mode drivers
- Select capture location(s)
- Capture sufficient data for analysis
- Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed
- Capture roaming events

Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools- Save to disk
- Packet slicing
- Event triggers
- Buffer options
- Channels and channel widths
- Capture filters
- Channel scanning and dwell time
Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets
- Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets
- Configure and display columns for analysis purposes
- View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process
- Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels
- Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures
- View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis
- Use expert mode for analysis
- View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis
Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting- WLAN scanners and discovery tools
- Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools
- Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools
Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types- Define the problem
- Determine the scale of the problem
- Identify probable causes
- Capture and analyze the data
- Observe the problem
- Choose appropriate remediation steps
- Document the problem and resolution

Spectrum Analysis - 10%

Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions
- Understand and use spectrum analyzer views
  • Real-time FFT
  • Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views
  • Utilization and duty cycle
  • Detected devices
  • WLAN integration views
Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues- RF noise floor in an environment
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal
- Sources of RF interference and their locations
- RF channel utilization
- Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications
- Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference
- Poor performing or faulty radios
Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures- Identify various 802.11 PHYs
  • DSSS
  • OFDM
  • OFDMA
  • Channel widths
  • Primary channel

- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

  • Frequency hopping devices
  • IoT devices
  • Microwave ovens
  • Video devices
  • RF Jammers
  • Cordless phones
Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions- AP-based spectrum analysis
- Sensor-based spectrum analysis

PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%

Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- ERP (Extended Rate PHY)
- HT (High Throughput)
- VHT (Very High Throughput)
- HE (High Efficiency)
  • HE SU PPDU
  • HE MU PPDU
  • HE ER SU PPDU
  • HE TB PPDU
  • HE NULL data packets
Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data
Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers- Pseudo-Header formats
  • Radiotap
  • Per Packet Information (PPI)

- Key pseudo-header content

  • Guard intervals
  • Resource units allocation
  • PPDU formats
  • Signal strength
  • Noise
  • Data rate and MCS index
  • Length information
  • Channel center frequency or received channel
  • Channel properties
Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers
Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types- Supported PHYs
- Supported spatial streams

MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%

Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)
Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis- Management, Control, and Data frames
- MAC frame formats and contents
  • Frame Control field
  • To DS and From DS fields
  • Address fields
  • Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field

- 802.11 Management frame formats

  • Information Elements
  • Authentication
  • Association and Reassociation
  • Beacon
  • Prove Request and Probe Response

- Data and QoS Data frame formats
- 802.11 Control frame formats

  • Acknowledgement (ACK)
  • Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)
  • Block Acknowledgement and related frames
  • Trigger frames
  • VHT/HE NDP announcements
  • Multiuser RTS
Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis- Country code
- Minimum basic rate
- Supported rates and coding schemes
- Beacon interval
- WMM settings
- RSN settings
- HT/VHT/HE operations
- Channel width
- Primary channel
- Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs
Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames

WLAN Medium Access - 10%

Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs- Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
  • copyright Sense (CS) and Energy Detect (ED)
  • Network Allocation Vector (NAV)
  • Contention Windows (CW) and random backoff
  • Interframe spacing

- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)

  • EDCA Function (EDCAF)
  • Access Categories and Queues
  • Arbitration Interframe Space Number (AIFSN)

- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

  • WMM parameters
  • WMM-Power Save
  • WMM-Admission Control

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CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q27-Q32):

NEW QUESTION # 27
You have received reports of performance problems in a BSS. One specific user is indicating that her downloads are taking a very long time compared to other users around her.
You want to determine if the AP is sending frames multiple times to get through to the user's computer.
Where should you monitor with the protocol analyzer to see retries from the AP in this scenario?

  • A. Very near the client STA
  • B. Directly in the middle of the AP and client STA
  • C. Very near the AP
  • D. Capture from another AP in another BSS

Answer: C


NEW QUESTION # 28
What is the default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA?

  • A. 4-Way Handshake
  • B. PSK
  • C. Shared Key
  • D. Open System

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
The default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA is Open System. This is the simplest and most common authentication method, which does not provide any security or encryption. In Open System authentication, the STA sends an Authentication Request frame to the AP, and the AP responds with an Authentication Response frame with a status code of success. After this, the STA can proceed to association with the AP . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 181; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 183.


NEW QUESTION # 29
IEEE 802.11-2007 specifies two ERP protection mechanisms: RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self.
Which statement is true regarding these two protection mechanisms? (Choose 2)

  • A. RTS and CTS frames are relayed through the access point, whereas the CTS-to-Self frames are not.
  • B. A CTS-to-Self frame sent by a client station may reach fewer nodes than the RTS/CTS frame exchange.
  • C. Use of RTS/CTS requires more overhead than CTS-to-Self due to a higher number of frames transmitted onto the wireless medium.
  • D. By definition, all associated client stations in a BSS can hear RTS, CTS, and CTS-to-Self frames, so RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self mechanisms have equal effectiveness.
  • E. RTS and CTS frames use Short Interframe Spaces (SIFS), and CTS-to-Self frames use PCF Interframe Spaces (PIFS).
  • F. Aside from the Subtype subfield of the Frame Control field, the generic MAC header format of RTS and CTS frames are identical.

Answer: B,C


NEW QUESTION # 30
Which statement is true regarding the Association Identifier (AID) used in IEEE 802.11 WLANs?

  • A. The client station is assigned an AID value in the 802.11 authentication response frame.
  • B. The AID field is present only in Beacons frames.
  • C. The AID is used by the access point in EDCA mode to reduce duplicate transmissions when sending multicasts.
  • D. The AID has a maximum value of 2007, and resides in the duration/ID field of a PS-Poll frame.
  • E. The AID has a maximum value of 2048, and is used to uniquely identify a wireless client station associated with an access point.

Answer: D


NEW QUESTION # 31
Which one of the following is not a valid reason for an AP to fail a STAs association?

  • A. Does not support the specified authentication algorithm
  • B. AP is unable to handle additional associations
  • C. Requesting station does not support all the required data rates
  • D. Requesting station has the wrong PSK

Answer: D


NEW QUESTION # 32
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